起重机工作等级计算方法及各国对照表
SERVICE CLASSIFICATION OF HOIST
起升机构的安全运行周期取决于是否按特定的工作等级正确使用。根据欧洲搬运协会标准 FEM9.511 和中国国家相关标准规定,起重机的起升机构工作等级由载荷谱和日均运行当量时间确定。
Safe and effective operation of the hoist is dependent on correct classification of the hoist’s operation group. According to FEM9.511 and China standard the hoist’s operating group can be determined from load spectrum and average Daily operating time.
载荷谱 Load Spectrum
载荷谱可以根据下面表格确定
The load spectrum can be determined from the table below
轻级 偶尔吊满载经常吊轻载 固定载荷轻 | 中级 偶尔吊满载经常吊轻载 固定载荷半载 | 重级 重复吊满载经常吊半载 固定载荷重 | 超重级
几乎全吊满载固定载荷超重 |
Light Occasional full load Usually light load Small fixed load | Medium Occasional full load Usually light load Average fixed load | Heavy Repetitive full load Usually average load Heavy fixed load | Very Heavy
Usually almost full load Very heavy fixed load |
日均当量使用时间 Average daily operating time
日均当量使用时间可以根据实际使用时间按统计方法测算,参考公式如下:
The average daily operating time of the hoist can be calculated from the running time of the hoisting machinery (Hours/day):
H = 平均起升高度 average hoisting height (m)
N = 平均每小时工作循环次数
number of work cycles per hour (cycles/h) T = 日均工作时间 daily working time (h)
V = 起升速度 hoisting speed (m/min)
当载荷谱和日均当量使用时间确定后,可以根据下面表中数据查出工作级别:
When the load spectrum and the average daily operating time of the hoist are identified, the hoist’s operating group is obtained from the table below:
载荷谱Load Spectrum | 日平均当量使用时间 Average daily operating time ISO(GB) / FEM ( 小时 / 天 hours per day) | |||||
≤ 0.5 | ≤1 | ≤2 | ≤4 | ≤8 | ≤ 16 | |
轻级 Light | M3 1Bm | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | ||
中级 Medium | M3 1Bm | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | M7 4m | |
重级 Heavy | M3 1Bm | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | M7 4m | |
超重级 Very Heavy | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | M7 4m |
例子:
某用户的起重机载荷谱为中级,起升速度 V=5m/min,平均工作起升高度 H=3m,平均每小时工作循环 N=5 次,两班制日工作时间 T=16 小时,计算得出当量工作时间 t=1.6,从上表中查得工作级别为中国国家标准 M5(等同于欧洲标准 2m)。
起重机工作等级比较表 Comparing of crane class
工作等级 Duty Code | ||||||
ISO/BS/DIN | M3 | M4 | M5 | M6 | M7 | M8 |
GB | A3 | A4 | A5 | A6 | A7 | A8 |
FEM | 1Bm | 1Am | 2m | 3m | 4m | 5m |
CMAA | A | B | C | D | E | F |
HMI | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H5 | H6 |
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对应的起升当量工作周期 Hoist Standard Value ( 小时 Hr) | ||||||
安全工作周期 SWP(h) | 400 | 800 | 1,600 | 3,200 | 6,300 | 12,500 |
持续率 Duty %ED | 25 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 60 |
启动次数 Starts (s/h) | 150 | 180 | 240 | 300 | 360 | 360 |
运行时间 Run Time(h) | 3,200 | 6,300 | 12,500 | 25,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 |
启动次数 Starts | 480,000 |
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